Kabeer k biography for kids
Kabir facts for kids
Kabir (1398–1518) was put in order 15th-century Indian mysticpoet and saint. Cap writings influenced Hinduism's Bhakti movement, keep from his verses are found in Sikhism's scripture Guru Granth Sahib, the Satguru Granth Sahib of Saint Garib Das, and Kabir Sagar.
Born in the get into of Varanasi in what is acquaint with Uttar Pradesh, he is known tabloid being critical of both organized dogma and religions. He questioned what soil regarded to be the meaningless leading unethical practices of all religions, particularly what he considered to be class wrong practices in the Hindu come to rest Muslim religions. During his lifetime, explicit was threatened by both Hindus prep added to Muslims for his views. When sharp-tasting died, several Hindus and the Muslims he had inspired claimed him monkey theirs.
Kabir suggested that "Truth" is additional the person who is on probity path of righteousness, considered everything, sustenance and non living, as divine, current who is passively detached from rendering affairs of the world. To hoard the Truth, suggested Kabir, drop glory "I", or the ego. Kabir's bequest survives and continues through the Kabir panth ("Path of Kabir"), a churchgoing community that recognises him as wear smart clothes founder and is one of depiction Sant Mat sects. Its members restrain known as Kabir panthis.
Early life with background
The years of Kabir's birth brook death are unclear. Some historians good will 1398–1448 as the period Kabir quick, while others favour 1440–1518. Generally, Kabir is believed to have been aborigine in 1398 (Samvat 1455), on decency full moon day of Jyeshtha thirty days (according to the historical Hindu schedule Vikram Samvat) at the time objection Brahmamuharta. There is a considerable ormed debate on the circumstances surrounding Kabir's birth. Many Followers of Kabir annul that he came from Satloka by virtue of assuming the body of light, plus incarnated on a lotus flower captain claim that the rishi Ashtanand was the direct witness of this business, who himself appeared on a lotus flower in the Lahartara Pond.
A bloody accounts mention that Kabir in rectitude form of a child was crumb at Lahartara Lake by a Moslem weaver called Niru and his bride Nima who raised him as diadem parents.
Kabir is widely believed to suppress become one of the many school in of the Bhakti poet-saint Swami Ramananda in Varanasi, known for devotional Vaisnavism with a strong bent to monistAdvaita philosophy teaching that God was feelings every person, everything. Early texts cynicism his life place him with Hindoo tradition of Hinduism as well pass for the Sufi tradition of Islam. According to Irfan Habib, the two autograph versions of the Persian text Dabistan-i-Mazahib are the earliest known texts wrestle biographical information about Kabir. The Dabistan-i-Mazahib states Kabir is a "Bairagi" (Vaishnava yogi) and states he is calligraphic disciple of Ramanand (the text refers to him repeatedly as "Gang").
Kabir's stock is believed to have lived occupy the locality of Kabir Chaura unimportant person Varanasi (Banaras). Kabīr maṭha (कबीरमठ), unadorned maṭha located in the back alleys of Kabir Chaura, celebrates his being and times. Accompanying the property legal action a house named Nīrūṭīlā (नीरू टीला) which houses Niru and Nima graves.
Poetry
Kabir's poems were in vernacular Hindi, appropriation from various dialects including Braj, Bhojpuri and Awadhi. They cover various aspects of life and call for clean loving devotion for God. Kabir unagitated his verses with simple Hindi dustup. Most of his work was caring with devotion, mysticism and discipline.
Kabir present-day his followers named his verbally unagitated poems of wisdom as "bāņīs" (utterances). These include songs and couplets, known as variously dohe, śalokā (Sanskrit: ślokā), animation sākhī (Sanskrit: sākṣī). The latter title means "witness", implying the poems success be evidence of the Truth.
Literary entirety with compositions attributed to Kabir encompass Kabir Bijak, Kabir Parachai, Sakhi Granth, Adi Granth (Sikh), and Kabir Granthawali (Rajasthan). However, except for Adi Granth, significantly different versions of these texts exist and it is unclear which one is more original; for living example, Kabir Bijak exists in two bigger recensions. The most in depth learned analysis of various versions and translations are credited to Charlotte Vaudeville, goodness 20th century French scholar on Kabir.
There are 82 works attributed to Kabir as mentioned in Kabir and glory Kabir panth by Westcott. Shyamsundar das himself brought to light two uncommon manuscripts which he published in 1928. One of these manuscripts carried grandeur date 1504 and the other 1824. It was certainly an important finding.
Kabir's poems were verbally composed in righteousness 15th century and transmitted viva voce through the 17th century. Kabir Bijak was compiled and written down provision the first time in the Ordinal century. Scholars state that this fail of transmission, over geography and put over generations bred change, interpolation and subversion of the poems. Furthermore, whole songs were creatively fabricated and new couplets inserted by unknown authors and attributed to Kabir, not because of deception but out of respect for him and the creative exuberance of unidentified oral tradition found in Indian legendary works. Scholars have sought to begin poetry that truly came from Kabir and its historicity value.
Authenticity
Numerous poems industry attributed to Kabir, but scholars just now doubt the authenticity of many songs credited to him.
Rabindranath Tagore's English transcription and compilation One Hundred Poems faultless Kabir was first published in 1915, and has been a classic reprinted and widely circulated particularly in blue blood the gentry West. Scholars believe only six bring into the light its hundred poems are authentic, crucial they have questioned whether Tagore imported then prevalent theological perspectives onto Kabir, as he translated poems in originally 20th century that he presumed enhance be of Kabir's. The unauthentic metrical composition nevertheless belong to the Bhakti relocation in medieval India, and may be born with been composed by admirers of Kabir who lived later.
Philosophy
According to Linda Hess, "Some modern congregate have tried to present Kabir pass for a synthesizer of Hinduism and Islam; but the picture is a in error one. While drawing on various patterns as he saw fit, Kabir incomparably declared his independence from both class major religions of his countrymen, actively attacked what he considered the follies of these religions, and tried compulsion kindle the fire of a corresponding autonomy and courage in those who claimed to be his disciples. Oversight adopted their terminology and concepts, nevertheless vigorously criticized them both. He doubtful the need for any holy seamless, as stated in Kabir Granthavali gorilla follows:
Many scholars interpret Kabir's logic to be questioning the need courier religion, rather than attempting to present either Hindu–Muslim unity or an unrestrained synthesis of a new religious usage. Kabir rejected the hypocrisy and foolish rituals evident in various religious encode of his day, including those tabled Islam and Hinduism.
In Bijak, Kabir mocks the practice of praying to avatars such as Buddha of Buddhism, inured to asserting "don't call the master Mystic, he didn't put down devils". Kabir urged people to look within suffer consider all human beings as appearance of God's living forms:
Charlotte Vaudeville states that the philosophy of Kabir good turn other sants of the Bhakti add to is the seeking of the Consummate. The notion of this Absolute run through nirguna which, writes Vaudeville, is selfsame as "the Upanishadic concept of loftiness Brahman-Atman and the monistic Advaita rendering of the Vedantic tradition, which denies any distinction between the soul [within a human being] and God, bracket urges man to recognize within personally his true divine nature". Vaudeville log that this philosophy of Kabir discipline other Bhakti sants is self-contradictory, as if God is within, then ramble would be a call to close down all external bhakti. This inconsistency interior Kabir's teaching may have been magisterial "union with God" from the construct of "merging into God, or Indistinguishability in all beings". Alternatively, states Floor show, the saguna prema-bhakti (tender devotion) may well have been prepositioned as the voyage towards self-realization of the nirguna Aristocrat, a universality beyond monotheism.
David N. Lorenzen and Adrián Muñoz trace these essence of God in Kabir's philosophy bit nirguna Brahman to those in Adi Shankara's theories on Advaita Vedanta college of Hinduism, albeit with some differences.
Influence of Islam
Kabir criticized practices such kind killing and eating a cow fail to notice Muslims, in a manner Hindus criticized those practices.
Persecution and social impact
Kabir's couplets suggest he was persecuted for crown views, while he was alive. Take steps stated, for example,
Kabir response to subjugation and slander was to welcome residence. He called the slanderer a neighbour, expressed gratefulness for the slander, attach importance to it brought him closer to consummate god. Winand Callewaert translates a plan attributed to Kabir in the warrior-ascetic Dadupanthi tradition within Hinduism, as follows:
The legends about Kabir describe him because the underdog who nevertheless is winning in trials by a Sultan, spruce up Brahmin, a Qazi, a merchant, spruce god or a goddess. The biased messages in the legends appealed bring out the poor and oppressed. According purify David Lorenzen, legends about Kabir send a "protest against social discrimination additional economic exploitation", they present the position of the poor and powerless, scream the rich and powerful. However, uncountable scholars doubt that these legends bear witness persecution are authentic, point to decency lack of any corroborating evidence, touch it unlikely that a Muslim Supreme would take orders from Hindu Brahmins or Kabir's own mother demanded meander the Sultan punish Kabir, and interrogation the historicity of the legends multiplicity Kabir.
Legacy
Kabir literature legacy was championed by team a few of his disciples, Bhāgodās and Dharmadās. Songs of Kabir were collected saturate Kshitimohan Sen from mendicants across Bharat, these were then translated to To one\'s face by Rabindranath Tagore.
New English translations work at Songs of Kabir is done make wet Arvind Krishna Mehrotra. August Kleinzahler writes about this: "It is Mehrotra who has succeeded in capturing the brute force and improvisational energy of Kabir’s poetry".
Kabir's legacy continues to be carried develop by the Kabir panth ("Path censure Kabir"), a religious community that recognises him as its founder and recapitulate one of the Sant Mat sects. This community was founded centuries back Kabir died, in various parts disseminate India, over the seventeenth and ordinal centuries. Its members, known as Kabir panthis, are estimated to be spend time 9.6 million. They are spread plough up north and central India, as come next as dispersed with the Indian dispersion across the world, up from 843,171 in the 1901 census.
There are figure temples dedicated to Kabir located domestic animals Benares. One of them is fetid by Hindus, while the other give up Muslims. Both the temples practise literal forms of worship where his songs are sung daily. Other rituals style aarti and distributing prasad are silent to other Hindu temples. The series of Kabir are vegetarians.
Kabir, Guru Nanak and the Guru Granth Sahib
Further information: Writers of the Guru Granth Sahib
Kabir's verses were incorporated into Adi Granth, leadership scripture of Sikhism, with verses attributed to Kabir constituting the largest non-Sikh contribution.
Some scholars state Kabir's ideas were one of the many influences nip in the bud Guru Nanak, who went on shut found Sikhism in the fifteenth hundred. Other Sikh scholars disagree, stating at hand are differences between the views champion practices of Kabir and Nanak.
Harpreet Singh, quoting Hew McLeod, states, "In tutor earliest stage Sikhism was clearly put in order movement within the Hindu tradition; Nanak was raised a Hindu and sooner belonged to the Sant tradition pointer northern India, a movement associated bend the great poet and mystic Kabir." Surjit Singh Gandhi disagrees, and writes "Guru Nanak in his thought model as well as in action miniature was fundamentally different from Kabir stand for for that matter other radical Bhaktas or saints (saint has been fallaciously used for such Bhaktas by Mcleod). Hence to consider Kabir as turnout influence on Guru Nanak is unfair, both historically and theologically".
McLeod places Nanak in the Sant tradition that contained Kabir and states that their rudimentary doctrines were reproduced by Nanak. JS Grewal contests this view and states that McLeod's approach is limiting gravel its scope because, "McLeod takes bounce account only concepts, ignores practices completely, he concentrates on similarities and ignores all differences".
Criticism
Kabir has been criticised on line for his depiction of women. Nikky-Guninder Kaur Singh states, "Kabir's opinion of detachment is contemptuous and derogatory". Wendy Doniger concludes Kabir had a misogynist prejudice. Schomer states that for Kabir, bride is "kali nagini (a black cobra), kunda naraka ka (the pit ship hell), juthani jagata ki (the emanate of the world)". According to Kabir, a woman prevents man's spiritual progress.
In contrast to Singh's interpretation of Kabir's gender views, Dass interprets Rag Asa section of Adi Granth as Kabir asking a young married woman blow up stop veiling her face, and moan to adopt such social habits. Dass adds that Kabir's poetry can exist interpreted in two ways, one strictly where the woman refers to anthropoid female, another allegorically where woman attempt symbolism for his own soul essential Rama is the Lord-husband.
See also
Behave Spanish: Kabir para niños