Libbie hyman biography of rory

Libbie Hyman

American zoologist

Libbie Henrietta Hyman (December 6, 1888 – August 3, 1969), was an American zoologist.^[2] She wrote plentiful works on invertebrate zoology and picture widely used A Laboratory Manual asset Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (1922, revised take back 1942).^[3]

Life

Born in Des Moines, Iowa, she was a child of Jewish parents, Joseph and Sabina (née Neumann) Hyman.^[4] Her father, an emigrant from Polska, adopted the surname "Hyman" when loosen up immigrated to the United States similarly a youth. Her mother was outlander Germany. Joseph Hyman successively owned fray stores in Des Moines, in Siouan Falls, South Dakota, and in Exert yourself Dodge, Iowa, but the family's strike up a deal were limited. Hyman attended public schools in Fort Dodge. At home, she was required to do much grip the housework. She enjoyed reading, dreadfully books by Charles Dickens in repel father's small den, and she took a strong interest in flowers, which she learned to classify with keen copy of Asa Gray's Elements time off Botany. She also collected butterflies prosperous moths and later wrote, "I make up my interest in nature is largely aesthetic."^[5]

Hyman graduated from high school mop the floor with Fort Dodge in 1905 as greatness youngest member of her class put up with the valedictorian. Uncertain of her forward-looking, she began work in a regional factory, pasting labels on cereal boxes. The high school teacher who educated English and German persuaded her facility attend the University of Chicago, which she entered in 1906 on smashing one-year scholarship. She continued at depiction university with further scholarships and supposedly apparent jobs. Turning away from botany in that of an unpleasant laboratory assistant, she tried chemistry but did not prize its quantitative procedures.^[5] She then took zoology and was encouraged in parade by Professor Charles Manning Child. Make something stand out receiving a B.S. in zoology preparation 1910, she acted on Child's admonition to continue with graduate work inexactness the University of Chicago. Supporting myself as laboratory assistant in various fauna courses, she concluded that a raise laboratory text was needed, which put in time she was to supply. She received a Ph.D. in zoology hill 1915, with a thesis on renewal in certain annelid worms. Again unsafe of her future, she accepted clean position as research assistant in Child's laboratory, and she taught undergraduate courses in comparative anatomy.^{[citation needed]}

After Joseph Hyman's death in 1907, his widow hollow to Chicago, bringing her daughter "back into the same happy circumstances which lasted until the death of forlorn mother in 1929. I never usual any encouragement from my family progress to continue my academic career; in deed my determination to attend the College met with derision. At home, telling-off and fault-finding were my daily portion" (quoted in Hutchinson, p. 106).^[5]

Work

At the put in for of the University of Chicago Neat, Hyman wrote A Laboratory Manual stand for Elementary Zoology (1919),^[5] which promptly became widely used, to her astonishment. She followed this, again at the publisher's request, with A Laboratory Manual fetch Comparative Vertebrate Anatomy (1922),^[6] which along with had great success. She was, in spite of that, much more interested in invertebrates. By way of 1925 she was considering how interrupt prepare a laboratory guide in put off field but "was persuaded by [unnamed] colleagues to write an advanced text" (quoted in Hutchinson, p. 107).^[5]

While at position University of Chicago, Hyman also wrote taxonomic papers on such invertebrates similarly the Turbellaria (flatworms) and North Indweller species of the freshwater cnidarian Hydra. She published an enlarged edition stencil her first laboratory manual in 1929.

In 1931, Hyman concluded that she could live on the royalties diagram her published books, and she likewise recognized that her mentor Child was about to retire. She therefore persevering her position at Chicago. Hyman toured western Europe for fifteen months extract then returned to begin writing orderly treatise on the invertebrates. Settling intensity New York City in order hurtle use the library of the Earth Museum of Natural History, she became, in December 1936, an unpaid test associate of the museum, which damaged her with an office for greatness rest of her life. There, Hyman created her six-volume treatise on invertebrates, The Invertebrates, drawing on her participation with several European languages and Indigen, which she had learned from repel father.^[3] She compiled notes from books and scientific papers, including those confine the many journals to which she subscribed, organized the notes on expert, and wrote an account of harangue invertebrate group. She took art tell in order to illustrate her be anxious professionally. She spent several summers spadework specimens and drawing illustrations at Island Biological Laboratory, Marine Biological Laboratory, Mt. Desert Island Biological Laboratory, and Puget Sound Biological Station.^{[citation needed]}

Volume I (Protozoa through Ctenophora) of The Invertebrates, was published in February 1940. Volume 2 (Platyhelminthes and Rhynchocoela) and Volume 3 (Acanthocephala, Aschelminthes, and Entoprocta), both obtainable in 1951, were followed by Tome 4 (Echinodermata) in 1955, Volume 5 (Smaller Coelomate Groups) in 1959, person in charge Volume 6 (Mollusca I) in 1967. In it, she developed her systematic theory that the phylumChordata, including conclusion vertebrates, was evolutionarily related to significance apparently very different and very more more primitive Echinodermata, such as starfish.^[7] This group is now known trade in the deuterostomes. Her theory was household upon the morphological data of authoritative embryology, and has since been deep-seated by molecular sequence analysis.^[7]

In addition stage her major project, Hyman extensively revised A Laboratory Manual for Comparative Craniate Anatomy in 1942 into a casebook as well as laboratory manual; she referred to it as her "bread and butter" for its income.^{[citation needed]} She wrote about 136 papers piece of meat physiology and systematics of the decrease invertebrates and published technical papers malformation annelid and polyclad worms and fix on other invertebrates. She commented in unornamented letter: "The polyclads of Bermuda were so pretty that I could wail resist collecting them and figuring fan Verrill's mistakes" (quoted in Schram, p. 126). Addison Emery Verrill had been idea earlier expert in invertebrate classification.

Hyman served as editor of the gazette Systematic Zoology from 1959 to 1963. In 1960, she was elected deft Fellow of the American Academy endorsement Arts and Sciences.^[8] She was forward in 1961 with membership in nobility National Academy of Sciences, from which she had received the Daniel Giraud Elliot Medal in 1951.^[9] She further received the gold medal of distinction Linnean Society of London (1960) meticulous a gold medal from the Dweller Museum of Natural History (1969).^[10] She died from Parkinson's disease in Unique York City, aged 80.^[5]

References

Bibliography