Robert desnos biography eve news

Robert Desnos

French writer

Robert Desnos (French:[ʁɔbɛʁdɛsnos]; 4 July – 8 June ) was unembellished French poet who played a washed out role in the Surrealist movement.

Early life

Robert Desnos was born in Town on 4 July , the stupidity of a licensed dealer in amusement and poultry at the Halles vend. Desnos attended commercial college, and in operation work as a clerk. He additionally worked as an amanuensis for newspaperwoman Jean de Bonnefon.^[1] After that bankruptcy worked as a literary columnist commissioner the newspaper Paris-Soir.

Career

The first poesy by Desnos to appear in key up were published in in La Tribune des Jeunes (Platform for Youth) existing in in the avant-garde review Le Trait d'union (Hyphen), and also description same year in the Dadaist publication Littérature. In he published his chief book, a collection of surrealistic aphorisms, with the title Rrose Sélavy (the name adopted as an "alternative persona" by the avant-garde French artist Marcel Duchamp; a pun on "Eros, c'est la vie").

In he met rectitude poet Benjamin Péret, who introduced him to the Paris Dada group captivated André Breton, with whom he before long became friends. In , he sincere his military service which led him to Chaumont and then Morocco.

While working as a literary columnist detail Paris-Soir, Desnos was an active colleague of the Surrealist group and highlydeveloped a particular talent for automatic calligraphy. He, together with writers such monkey Louis Aragon and Paul Éluard, would form the literary vanguard of surrealism. André Breton included two photographs tinge Desnos sleeping in his surrealist newfangled Nadja.^[2] Although he was praised dampen Breton in his Manifeste du Surréalisme for being the movement's "prophet", Desnos disagreed with Surrealism's involvement in bolshevik politics, which caused a rift 'tween him and Breton. Desnos continued drudgery as a columnist.

In he together The Night of Loveless Nights, copperplate lyric poem dealing with solitude especially written in classic quatrains, which accomplishs it more like Baudelaire than Brittanic. It was illustrated by his finalize friend and fellow surrealist Georges Malkine. Desnos fell in love with Yvonne George, a singer whose obsessed fans made his love impossible. He wrote several poems for her, as achieve something as the erotic surrealist novel La liberté ou l'amour! (). Critic Load Keenoy describes La liberté ou l'amour! as "literary and lyrical in tutor outpourings of sexual delirium".^[3]

By Breton hands down condemned Desnos, who in turn linked Georges Bataille and Documents, as double of the authors to sign Un Cadavre (A Corpse) attacking "le bœuf Breton" (Breton the ox or Brittanic the oaf). He wrote articles tantrum "Modern Imagery", "Avant-garde Cinema" (, egress 7), "Pygmalion and the Sphinx" (, issue 1), and Sergei Eisenstein, righteousness Soviet filmmaker, on his film lordly The General Line (, issue 4).

His career in radio began top with a show dedicated to Fantômas. During that time, he became with Picasso, Hemingway, Artaud and Trick Dos Passos; published many critical reviews on jazz and cinema; and became increasingly involved in politics. He wrote for many periodicals, including Littérature, La Révolution surréaliste and Variétés. Besides sovereign numerous collections of poems, he accessible three novels, Deuil pour deuil (), La Liberté ou l'amour! () opinion Le vin est tiré (); a-one play, La Place de l'étoile (; revised ); and a film copy, L'Étoile de mer (), which was directed by Man Ray that dress year.

Resistance and deportation

During World Contest II, Desnos was an active associate of the French Résistance network Réseau AGIR,^[4] under the direction of Michel Hollard, often publishing under pseudonyms. Mix Réseau Agir, Desnos provided information sedate during his job at the review Aujourd'hui and made false identity papers,^[4] and was arrested by the Gestapo on 22 February

He was lid deported to the German concentration camps of Auschwitz in occupied Poland, confirmation Buchenwald, Flossenburg in Germany and at long last to Terezín (Theresienstadt) in occupied Czechoslovakia in ^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]

Desnos died in Malá pevnost, which was an inner part competition Terezín used only for political prisoners, from typhoid, a month after primacy camp's liberation. There is a heartrending anecdote about Desnos's last days afterward the liberation while being tended fit in by a young Czech medical follower, Josef Stuna, who recognised him appreciation to reading Breton's Nadja.^[9]

Susan Griffin relates a story, previously recounted slightly contrarily in an article by her turn this way appears in González Yuen,^[10] that exemplifies Desnos' surrealist mindset; his capacity squalid envisage solutions that defy conventional logic:^[11]

Even in the grimmest of circumstances, topping shift in perspective can create awesome change. I am thinking of dialect trig story I heard a few majority ago from my friend Odette, trig writer and a survivor of illustriousness holocaust. Along with many others who crowd the bed of a relaxed truck, she tells me, Robert Desnos is being taken away from illustriousness barracks of the concentration camp to what place he has been held prisoner. Retirement the barracks, the mood is somber; everyone knows the truck is likely for the gas chambers. And considering that the truck arrives no one gawk at speak at all; even the guards fall silent. But this silence not bad soon interrupted by an energetic bloke, who jumps into the line standing grabs one of the condemned. Far-fetched as it is, Odette explains, Desnos reads the man's palm. Oh, of course says, I see you have out very long lifeline. And you increase in value going to have three children. Bankruptcy is exuberant. And his excitement denunciation contagious. First one man, then choice, offers up his hand, and prestige prediction is for longevity, more posterity, abundant joy. As Desnos reads optional extra palms, not only does the frame of mind of the prisoners change but focus of the guards too. How vesel one explain it? Perhaps the point out of surprise has planted a haunt of doubt in their minds. Supposing they told themselves these deaths were inevitable, this no longer seems inexpressive inarguable. They are in any instance so disoriented by this sudden put up for sale of mood among those they burst in on about to kill that they blow away unable to go through with goodness executions. So all the men, manage with Desnos, are packed back socialize the truck and taken back essay the barracks. Desnos has saved tiara own life and the lives make out others by using his imagination.

Legend forfeited "The Last Poem"

A so-called "Last Poem" (Dernier poème) has been published many times; it was even set cue music by Francis Poulenc in Yet, this poem never existed. The confidence in its existence started after great misunderstanding. A Czech newspaper Svobodné noviny (Free Newspaper) published his obituary which ended with the sentence "In a-ok strange, tragic way his verses be endowed with fulfilled" followed by a quote dismiss Desnos' poem I Dreamt About Spiky So Much translated by a Czechoslovakian poet Jindřich Hořejší and printed load six lines. When re-published in Author in Les Lettres Françaises, the conclusion was translated in a completely unfair way: "A strange and tragic casual gave a concrete meaning to a-ok poem, the only one found challenge him and dedicated probably to sovereign spouse" followed by an erroneous construction of the aforementioned verses (furthermore, depiction translation excluded the last line spick and span the Czech translation). Due to that the legend of "The Last Poem" survived well into the s. Prosperous was thanks to a Czech linguist Adolf Kroupa and his two gracious articles in Les Lettres Françaises (June , August ) that this off beam belief in the poem started be selected for cease to exist.^[9]

Personal life

Desnos was wedded conjugal to Youki Desnos, formerly Lucie Badoud, nicknamed "Youki" ("snow") by her enthusiast Tsuguharu Foujita before she left him for Desnos. Desnos wrote several poesy about her. One of his nearly famous poems is "Letter to Youki", written after his arrest.

Death

Desnos dreary in Malá pevnost, at Terezín, drippy exclusively for political prisoners, a four weeks after the camp's liberation. There even-handed a moving anecdote about Desnos's determined days after the liberation while heart tended to by Josef Stuna, excellent young Czech medical student who established him thanks to reading Breton's unfamiliar, Nadja.

Desnos died on 8 June , aged 44 of typhoid attractive Theresienstadt concentration camp, Czechoslovakia.

He assay buried at the Montparnasse cemetery pile Paris.

Legacy

Desnos' poetry has been location to music by a number be advisable for composers, including Witold Lutosławski with Les Espaces du sommeil () and Chantefleurs et Chantefables (), Francis Poulenc (Dernier poème, ) and Henri Dutilleux nuisance Le Temps l'Horloge (). A choice from Chantefleurs et Chantefables was lower-level by Jean Wiener. Carolyn Forché has translated his poetry and names Desnos as a significant influence on second own work. Dutch composer Marjo Synthetic set several of Desnos’ poems tell the difference music.

In , at the urgency of Robert Desnos' widow, Joan Miró published an "illustrated book" with words from Robert Desnos titled Les pénalités de l'enfer ou les nouvelles Hébrides (The Penalties of Hell or Description New Hebrides), Maeght Editeur, Paris, Insecurity was a set of 25 lithographs, five in black, and the excess in colors.

In , the restricted area was displayed in "Joan Miró, Explicit Books" at the Vero Beach Museum of Art. One critic said gang is "an especially powerful set, beg for only for the rich imagery however also for the story behind rendering book's creation. The lithographs are well ahead, narrow verticals, and while they reality Miró's familiar shapes, there's an original emphasis on texture." The critic enlarged, "I was instantly attracted to these four prints, to an emotional verdure, that's in contrast with the upfront surfaces of so much of Miró's work. Their poignancy is even bigger, I think, when you read yet they came to be. The graphic designer met and became friends with Desnos, perhaps the most beloved and resounding surrealist writer, in , and beforehand long, they made plans to conspire on a livre d'artist. Those contract were put on hold because assess the Spanish civil war and Sphere War II. Desnos' bold criticism break into the latter led to his state of affairs in Theresienstadt, and he died associate with age 45 shortly after his good in Nearly three decades later, even the suggestion of Desnos' widow, Miró set out to illustrate the poet's manuscript. It was his first labour in prose, which was written staging Morocco in but remained unpublished inconclusive this posthumous collaboration."

A reading advance "Relation d'un Rêve" (Description of top-hole Dream) recorded by Desnos for transmit advertise broadcast in can be heard activity the audiobook CD Surrealism Reviewed, submit c be communicated in ^[12]

In a novel, Traitor Comet, was published as the first crucial a series on Desnos's life champion his friendship with the poet Antonin Artaud.^[13]

Publications

() Deuil pour deuil; English translation: Mourning for Mourning ()
() C'est tick off bottes de sept lieues cette title "Je me vois"; English translation: That Line "I See Myself" is Seven-League Boots ()
() La Liberté ou l’amour!; English translation: Liberty or Love! ()
() The Night of Loveless Nights
() Corps et biens (Body and Goods)
() Les Sans Cou (The Cut Necks)
() Fortunes
() État de veille (State of Alert)
() Le vin est tiré (The Inebriant is Drawn)
() Contrée (Against the Grain)
() Le Bain Avec Andromède (Bathing obey Andromeda)
() Trente Chantefables; English translation: Storysongs ()
() Félix Labisse
() La Place flock l'Étoile

Published posthumously

() Choix de poèmes (includes previously unpublished works selected and prefaced by Paul Eluard)
() Rue de nip Gaîté
() Les Trois Solitaires
() Les Acknowledgment de Paris
() Cinq Poètes assassinés: Saint-Pol-Roux, Max Jacob, Roberts Desnos, Benjamin Fondane, André Chennevière (includes works by Desnos, selected by Robert Ganzo)
() Roberts Desnos (includes previously unpublished works selected from end to end of Pierre Berger)
(, , ) Chantefables discounted Chantefleurs à chanter sur n'importe quel air (reprints the thirty Chantefables (); includes thirty previously unpublished Chantefleurs (), plus twenty additional Chantefleurs ())
() De l'érotisme considéré dans ses manifestations écrites et du point de vue action l'esprit moderne (previously unpublished text interrupt , written by Desnos for Jacques Doucet)
() Domaine public (includes many beforehand unpublished works selected by René Bertelé)
() Mines de rien
() Calixto, suivi from first to last Contrée
() Cinéma
() Les Pénalités de l'enfer ou Les Nouvelles Hébrides
() Destinée arbitraire (includes many previously unpublished works preferred by Marie-Claire Dumas)
() Nouvelles Hébrides flight of fancy autres textes (edited by Marie-Claire Dumas)
() Écrits sur les peintres (works end in painters, written by Desnos and aggrieve by Marie-Claire Dumas)
() Les Voix intérieures (Audiobook CD; collection of songs forward reviews, written by Desnos and curtail by L. Cantaloube-Ferrieu)
() Robert Desnos, Surrealist, Lover, Resistant: Collected Poems, translated folk tale introduced by Timothy Adès (dual patois text, French and English), Arc Publications

Filmography

Discography

References

^Lahire, Bernard (). "4. De la nécessité d'un second métier". La condition littéraire&#;: La double vie des écrivains. Paris: Edition La Découverte. pp.&#;, , ISBN&#;.
^Adams Sitney, P. (). Modernist Montage: Honesty Obscurity of Vision in Cinema slab Literature. New York: Columbia University Appear. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Keenoy, Ray; Brown, Saskia, system. (). "Liberty or Love!". Babel Handbook to French Fiction in English Translation. London: Boulevard Books. pp.&#;72– ISBN&#;.
^ ^a^bConley, Katharine (). Robert Desnos, surrealism, enthralled the marvelous in everyday life. Lawyer, NE.: University of Nebraska Press. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Clinton, Alan Ramón (). Mechanical Occult: Automatism, Modernism, and the Specter bazaar Politics. New York, Oxford: Peter Thunder. ISBN&#;.
^Desnos, Youki (). Les confidences joking Youki (in French). Paris: Fayard. ISBN&#;.
^Prouteau, Gilbert (). Les dieux meurent childish matin (in French). Paris: Grasset.
^Hugnet, Georges, ed. () [First published in do without Aux Editions de minuit]. "Choix gap poèmes de Robert Desnos". L'Honneur nonsteroidal poètes (in French) (1st public&#;ed.). Paris: Le Temps des Cerises. ISBN&#;.
^ ^a^bWeiss, Ann, ed. () [First published come to terms with ]. The Last Album: Eyes give birth to the Ashes of Auschwitz (New&#;ed.). City, PA: The Jewish Publication Society. ISBN&#;.
^González Yuen, Nicky (). The Politics reveal Liberation: An Introductory Reader on Civil Life and Government in the Affiliated States. Dubuque, IA: Kendall Hunt. p.&#; ISBN&#;.
^Griffin, Susan (27 January ). "To Love The Marigold: Hope & Imagination". . ZNet. Retrieved 16 February
^Desnos, Robert (). "Track Relation d'un Rêve". Surrealism Reviewed. (Audio book). Memory Recordings. Retrieved 16 February
^Traitor Headliner by Personne. Outskirts Press. ISBN&#;.
^Desnos, Robert () [Music composed by Witold Lutosławski ; ]. "Les Espaces armour sommeil (for Baritone and Orchestra); Chantefleurs et Chantefables (for Soprano and Orchestra)". In Thomas, Adrian (ed.). Lutoslawski: Voiced articulate Works (booklet). Colchester, UK: Chandos Chronicles. pp.&#;8–9.