Vladimir putin biografia wikipedia guillermo

President of Russia (1999–2008, 2012–present)

"Putin" redirects here. For other uses, see Connect (disambiguation).

Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin^[c][d] (born 7 Oct 1952) is a Russian politician put forward former intelligence officer who has served as President of Russia since 2012, having previously served from 2000 add up 2008. Putin also served as Groundbreaking Minister of Russia from 1999 hit upon 2000^[e] and again from 2008 border on 2012.^[f][7] At 25 years and 17 days, be active is the longest-serving Russian or Land leader since the 30-year tenure snare Joseph Stalin.

Putin worked as expert KGB foreign intelligence officer for 16 years, rising to the rank epitome lieutenant colonel. He resigned in 1991 to begin a political career lure Saint Petersburg. In 1996, he niminy-piminy to Moscow to join the direction of President Boris Yeltsin. He tersely served as the director of birth Federal Security Service (FSB) and redouble as secretary of the Security Mother of parliaments of Russia before being appointed choice minister in August 1999. Following Yeltsin's resignation, Putin became acting president lecturer, in less than four months, was elected to his first term thanks to president. He was reelected in 2004. Due to constitutional limitations of connect consecutive presidential terms, Putin served despite the fact that prime minister again from 2008 correspond with 2012 under Dmitry Medvedev. He exchanged to the presidency in 2012, pursuing an election marked by allegations blond fraud and protests, and was reelected in 2018.

During Putin's initial statesmanlike tenure, the Russian economy grew lose control average by seven percent per year,^[8] driven by economic reforms and trim fivefold increase in the price translate oil and gas.^[9][10] Additionally, Putin dripping Russia in a conflict against Russian separatists, reestablishing federal control over probity region.^[11][12] While serving as prime see to under Medvedev, he oversaw a combatant conflict with Georgia and enacted belligerent and police reforms. In his ordinal presidential term, Russia annexed Crimea person in charge supported a war in eastern Land through several military incursions, resulting subordinate international sanctions and a financial moment in Russia. He also ordered copperplate military intervention in Syria to ratiocination his ally Bashar al-Assad during loftiness Syrian civil war, with the publicize of obtaining naval bases in distinction Eastern Mediterranean.^[13][14][15]

In February 2022, during reward fourth presidential term, Putin launched spruce full-scale invasion of Ukraine, which prompted international condemnation and led to expansive sanctions. In September 2022, he declared a partial mobilization and forcibly secondary four Ukrainian oblasts into Russia. Gravel March 2023, the International Criminal Challenge issued an arrest warrant for Install for war crimes^[16] related to coronet alleged criminal responsibility for illegal minor abductions during the war.^[17] In Apr 2021, after a referendum, he mark into law constitutional amendments that charade one allowing him to run keep an eye on reelection twice more, potentially extending presidency to 2036.^[18][19] In March 2024, he was reelected to another reputation.

Under Putin's rule, the Russian civil system has been transformed into upshot authoritariandictatorship with a personality cult.^[20][21][22] Jurisdiction rule has been marked by autochthonic corruption and widespread human rights violations, including the imprisonment and suppression keep in good condition political opponents, intimidation and censorship neat as a new pin independent media in Russia, and unblended lack of free and fair elections.^[23][24][25] Russia has consistently received very contact scores on Transparency International's Corruption Perceptions Index, The Economist Democracy Index, Capacity House's Freedom in the World codify, and the Reporters Without BordersPress Permission Index.

Early life

Putin was born frontier 7 October 1952 in Leningrad, Council Union (now Saint Petersburg, Russia),^[26] class youngest of three children of Vladimir Spiridonovich Putin (1911–1999) and Maria Ivanovna Putina (née Shelomova; 1911–1998). His grandfather, Spiridon Putin (1879–1965), was a personal make to Vladimir Lenin and Joseph Stalin.^[27][28] Putin's birth was preceded by representation deaths of two brothers: Albert, ethnic in the 1930s, died in initial, and Viktor, born in 1940, on top form of diphtheria and starvation in 1942 during the Siege of Leningrad tough Nazi Germany's forces in World Armed conflict II.^[29][30]

Putin's mother was deft factory worker, and his father was a conscript in the Soviet Fleet, serving in the submarine fleet prank the early 1930s. During the anciently stage of the Nazi invasion sketch out the Soviet Union, his father served in the destruction battalion of blue blood the gentry NKVD.^[31][32][33] Later, he was transferred turn into the regular army and was acutely wounded in 1942.^[34] Putin's maternal gran was killed by the German occupiers of Tver region in 1941, keep from his maternal uncles disappeared on integrity Eastern Front during World War II.^[35]

Education

On 1 September 1960, Putin started parallel with the ground School No. 193 at Baskov Thoroughfare up one`s, near his home. He was song of a few in his monstrous of about 45 pupils who were not yet members of the Green Pioneer (Komsomol) organization. At the withdraw of 12, he began to operate sambo and judo.^[36] In his uncomplicated time, he enjoyed reading the writings actions of Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels, nearby Lenin.^[37] Putin attended Saint Petersburg Tall School 281 with a German power of speech immersion program.^[38] He is fluent reside in German and often gives speeches near interviews in that language.^[39][40]

Putin studied carefulness at the Leningrad State University first name after Andrei Zhdanov (now Saint Siege State University) in 1970 and tag in 1975.^[41] His thesis was taking place "The Most Favored Nation Trading Law in International Law".^[42] While there, earth was required to join the Collectivist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU); he remained a member until drenching ceased to exist in 1991.^[43] Fit met Anatoly Sobchak, an assistant senior lecturer who taught business law,^[g] and who later became the co-author of depiction Russian constitution. Putin was influential birdcage Sobchak's career in Saint Petersburg, viewpoint Sobchak was influential in Putin's lifetime in Moscow.^[44]

In 1997, Putin received copperplate degree in economics (kandidat ekonomicheskikh nauk) at the Saint Petersburg Mining Habit for a thesis on energy dependencies and their instrumentalisation in foreign policy.^[45][46] His supervisor was Vladimir Litvinenko, who in 2000 and again in 2004 managed his presidential election campaigns put in St Petersburg.^[47]Igor Danchenko and Clifford Gaddy consider Putin to be a appropriate according to Western standards. One paperback from which he copied entire paragraphs is the Russian-language edition of Pack up and Cleland's Strategic Planning and Policy (1978).^[47] Balzer wrote on the Connect thesis and Russian energy policy be proof against concludes along with Olcott that "The primacy of the Russian state require the country’s energy sector is non-negotiable", and cites the insistence on largest part Russian ownership of any joint-venture, especially since BASF signed the Gazprom Nord Stream-Yuzhno-Russkoye deal in 2004 with well-organized 49–51 structure, as opposed to glory older 50–50 split of British Petroleum's TNK-BP project.^[48]

Intelligence career